tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47445198738972872512024-02-21T11:18:01.083+09:00The Philosophy of Conflictsgentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-25560827554621086362012-07-06T16:59:00.001+09:002018-05-01T03:18:02.887+09:0015. Indifference<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Some philosopher thinks that human beings have progressed when it
comes to morality since the modern age. The reason is that people can feel
unforgivable feelings for unreasonable harm or injury of people who live in the
opposite side on the earth or other parts on the earth in general beyond race
and ethnicity.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Individuals who do not have that kind of feelings cannot say so
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attitudes to speak so. It became a common sense that people, as the same human
beings, cannot recognize poverty or anti-humanistic behavior or harm, as a
result of these behavior, as just. It is usually argued that moral evolution
occurred in human beings because of extension of interests and empathy. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot of philosophy of success demands that
people should have sincere interests in others. It means that people who have
no interests cannot be successful. In this context, having interests are
praised and indifference are criticized. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The critical point is that these interests are not the same.
Interests argued in the context of moral evolution are not interests in people
but in the moral society. If there are interests in people in this context,
then these interests may be the by-product of the interests in the moral
society. It is the same interests if people are interested in their own
society. In this case, people are interested in the way to the society but not
in individuals as well.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The more extending people’s interests, the more the view point of
the interests move toward the society from individuals. The more increase the
interests in the society, the more decrease the interests in people in the real
world. The society is divided into the small societies and becoming diverse:
life-style, preferences, special fields of expertise and interpersonal
relationship. If people are meeting <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">neighbors,
then people may meet with them as a member of different groups. I do not focus
on whether it’s good or not. I just believe that it is important to note the fact
that the post-modern people are always separating interests in people from
interests in the society. This idea is necessary to think about the different
conflicts between an individual vs. an organization /society. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">I heard the story about an elite student
who was jailed because of excessive demonstration about workers’ right. This
student did not have conversation with workers who were also in the jail. It
indicated that the student was interested in the thought but not in people. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is also the similar story that a
person who is interested in human rights may not be interested in people. These
people are not a few. Rather, it seems to be clear tendency of the modern
society. I may be the one of them. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Is there anyone who you are talking with
but you are not interested in? Why?</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Is it because of the deficiency of empathy or
of benefits? Is it because of conflicts? Conflicts can generate either strong
interests or indifferences. In many cases, risks are in the indifferences. I do
not care about philosophy of success; however, I think it is important to have
some interests and not to be indifferent in any case. It is not necessary to
have strong interests but to have minimum interests so that it can facilitate
in understanding the others. </span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-31118256274255296852012-07-06T16:50:00.005+09:002012-07-06T16:50:34.028+09:0014. Pressure of Tolerance<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Interpersonal conflicts, in many cases, converts into
conflicts of feelings. If the conflicts are in the field of academia, it is
really rare case that people cannot bring its conflicts to friendship.
Conflicts in religion are also easily converted into conflicts of feelings, if
there is a man of religion who is expected to have tolerance, or a man who told
that one achieved enlightenment and call them as a man of religion. In both
cases, these are preferred conflicts because there are grounds to conflicts. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Conflicts of feelings can be expressed as
“unforgivable”. Unforgivable feelings can be attributed to the fact of the
past, to the conflicts of thoughts or to cultural differences. Some might
attribute these feelings to physiological sense, to emotion, or to “no reason”.
If someone threats property or life, then unforgivable feelings can come out.
Unforgivable feelings can be elicited by reason or unreason, although there are
a few individuals who think its origin. It is because the feelings of
unforgivable are temporal feelings that alleviate, extinct or shut it up before
it is converted into concrete conflicts. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In a daily life, in many cases, cost is greater than
the benefit to express individual conflicts. It is impossible to obtain larger
gain than the cost except for winning the litigation or settlements that
enables for people to get a large amount of compensation. Conflicts are much
larger costs for organization and the society than individuals. The case which
is required to corporative attitudes or tolerance is recommended not because it
is a moral but because it is profitable. One of the ideal goals of education is
to cope with individual conflicts by smoothly and sociably.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Considering to the Japanese society, its social condition—
corporative attitudes are excessively demanded—prevent them from maturation of
conflicts. Suppressed conflict energy is released to the target as bullying
because bullying is a rare opportunity to release this energy. The unique
Japanese bullying as social pathology— a lot of people can be forced to have
corporative attitudes toward to the person who is bullying— is attributed to
the absence of reasonable conflict experiences. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">One of the remedies for this social pathology is to make people
understand that rejecting or ignoring of unforgivable feelings as negative is
unreasonable. People who speak ill of their supervisor with drinking should not
be disrespect as immaturity of self-regulation. Whatever the form is, it is
important to express or recognize these feelings. Excessive suppression as
tolerance can distort the recognition of their natural feelings. It is required
that people should notice its risk to distort people’s recognition and
feelings. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is also true that speaking ill of their supervisor with their
colleagues cannot be conflicts. The important point here is to judge if it
should be the problem to be dealt with speaking ill of or should make it real
conflicts. If individual always attempt to avoid any conflicts because of
cost-benefits calculations, then they may be prone to select the option which
seems to make maximum profits. Yet, someone may have this thought as belief or
may think it is inevitable judgments. There is however, not a few people
disagree with that belief. These people believe that people can change their
future society by their will and have the will to seek for the better world. It
is natural that there are conflicts between people who recognize and take
responsibility to long term goals, and people who are prone to get short term
benefits. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Expressing conflicts can convert asymmetrical conflicts into
symmetrical conflicts. In order to express conflicts, it needs to be the better
grounds and technique of conflicts. That better grounds have to allow people to
express their conflicts with reason and language in front of the opponents but
not expressing as violation, speaking ill of, or conspiracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">This is the opened and flattered world where there is easy access
to the Internet. The Internet can allow people to expose their information and
utterance. This indicates that the Internet can be used as a basis or an
infrastructure of conflicts. I think that people should use the Internet as
means for this purpose. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The important lessons from the philosophy of conflicts are what
people should reevaluate the origin of conflicts, should have the will to
express conflicts beyond personal interests without thinking conflicts as
negative, should make better grounds to reasonable conflicts, should have
enough experiences of conflicts, should exclude the excessive corporation and
should fight against tolerance pressure. Having these attitudes is the
responsibility for future, and can produce hope and can help to preserve
humanity. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Taking a conflict position appropriately is far better choice to
suppress their feelings to avoid making conflicts in a daily life. Appropriate
conflicts mean what expressing true reason and tell the reason of unforgivable
feelings appropriately. It is easy to say. It is; however, difficult to
practice it if there are asymmetry between standpoints. If people face to such
a case, then they should consider the strategy that enables for individuals to
express the conflicts and take an advantage of them. In this case,
interpersonal conflicts turned into conflicts which connect to the third party.</span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-11128556719449606182012-07-06T16:49:00.005+09:002012-07-06T16:49:40.463+09:0013. Conflicts and Interests: A Conflict Case4<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Here is a story between a person who work as a chief of
the human resource department, and a person who work as a head of a section of
the same department. Name James for the former and Alex for the latter. In the
human resource department, the reformation of the evaluation for people was
discussed in order to adapt the current economic environment. James and Alex
were agreed with the basic concepts of the reformation plan. This section is
special because a lot of people are working only for this section and as a
result, the solidarity between people is strong. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>James changed his attitude toward the reformation plan
when they provide the document with the member of the meeting to discuss this
reformation plan. He said that the reformation plan will not be accepted by the
workers above 40 years old, and he told Alex that this plan should be
completely revised. Not only was Alex perplexed, but also other colleagues of
him were so. Alex was perplexed because the meeting will be held in a month. It
seemed too impossible for him to revise and write a new document for the
meeting. Moreover, Alex was not sure what kind of reformation plan can be
acceptable because James did not point out specific points. Furthermore, Alex
was responsible for making this reformation plan. He was afraid of being
penalized if he cannot make a new reformation plan only a month. Thus, Alex
became nervous with James. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>James rejected the reformation plan because he thought
his interests. He calculated the effect of the new plan. As a result, he notices
that he could lose 20,000,000 yen for life-earnings if this plan was passed.
James knew that this plan was profitable for the company, although he did not
want to accept this plan because of his interests. He also thought that Alex
was responsible for this plan. He knew that he would not receive any damage if
this plan was not accepted. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this case, they share the same goal, values and
means. In addition, their personal relationship was not distracted. It is;
however, it must be recalled the fact that the differences in the standpoints
can cause different interests. There are few people who can free from their own
standpoint. Moreover, it may harm others. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is really difficult to give up the status quo for
people even though they believe that the society should be more equal. It is
extremely difficult to free from own standpoints. It is easy to criticize that
behavior as egoism, although it is also easy to advocate egoism. Thus, the
problem is the limitation of the egoism. The egoists want to be recognized
their maximum autonomy regulated by the law and culture. They try to argue that
minimum regulation of autonomy whereas anti-egoists argue to maximize the
minimum regulation. This debate is in vain because most of the problems are end
of the spectrum. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The strength of the standpoint is different. In this
case, James is in a stronger standpoint than Alex. James utilized his position
to reject the reformation plan. I do not want to argue that the problem is
strength and weakness of each standpoint. It is inevitable that there are
strong and weak standpoints in the world. In some cases, these differences are
large and fixed, but in the other case, are not. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this case, I am not sure that Alex who seemed to be
a weaker standpoint did counterattack or he might be succeeded as a result of
the attack. Differences in standpoints are different from the relationship between
dominance and obedience. Foucault pointed out the fact that there is some sort
of freedom, and this freedom produces the power and it was represented as
different standpoints. If there is no freedom between dominance and obedience,
then it can eliminate standpoints and it can be the condition that the complete
domination eliminates the notion of the domination. It eventually eliminates
the notion of the standpoints.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>People are affiliated with the multiple societies and
multiple standpoints. Some might devote his life to utter their idealism
whereas the others might devote their life to criticize egoism. I am thinking
of both and consider to how to balance these different notions. I am not sure
that I can have another option. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I am not able to
sympathize with the optimists who ignored the real world or egoists who cannot
understand others. As Shakespeare says, “All the world stage, every men and
women were merely players.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not
the problem of judgment whether it is good or evil but it is reality in the
worlds. Standpoints or interests are naturally produced. It is not reasonable
to reject and disprove that fact. Rather, people should recognize themselves as
players in the world. </span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-79097714948508761832012-07-06T16:48:00.006+09:002012-07-06T16:48:39.233+09:0012. Identity: A Conflict Case 3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Here is a conflict story between two people who are
working in the same company. One of them is a worker, and the other is a
manager and is a supervisor of him. Let’s say, Tom for worker and Jason for the
manager. The relationship between Tom and Jason were not bad. One day, Jason
blamed Tom for putting Tom’s favorite figure on the desk in the office. Jason
said, “This figure is not appropriate to have because you are mature adult.”
This trivial phrase dramatically changed their relationship. For Jason, this
figure was valueless whereas this figure was one of the significant symbols
which embody Tom’s value. Thus, it was unacceptable violation for Tom to be
blamed for having this figure and he might feel disrespect from Jason. Tom
started having antagonistic attitudes because of this unacceptable attack from
Jason afterwards. Jason noticed this attitudinal change, although he did not
notice the reason. Tom became less conscientious for working and he felt
uneasiness in seeing Jason’s face. Tom still puts his favorite figure on the
desk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I will discuss not the figure but identity. I wonder if
the figure for him may be the idle for religion. If it is true, then it can be
inappropriate to bring such religious and holly items in the office. A lot of
company prohibit bringing the religious items, although Tom’s favorite figure
are a clearly religious item or not. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Alternative interpretation is that it can be a star for
Tom but not religious item. The constitution protects the freedom of speech,
thoughts and religion. If this alternative interpretation is true, it can argue
that Jason’s behavior can be considered to harm this freedom.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Now, I do not argue the questions: who should be judge
and how should the judge evaluate specific value. Instead, I will answer the
question why this situation is caused. It is reasonable to think that judgments
are unavoidable and the judge must be human beings. In the case argued above,
it is not required to judge and no possibility to be judged. In many cases, I
assume that the conflicts are usually not judged, and are invisible or covered
up. I think that people initially assert their situation that they are injured
their identity when they felt disrespect, disgrace and when they guess its
reason.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Identity is unique. Not a few cases are invisible from
others. People feel their identity when they are affiliated with specific
social and cultural groups. Family, the place where people were born, school, a
company, a club, a party, a group with sharing specific interests, a religious
group, social activist party, a political party, a social position, a career,
generation, ethnicity, nation, and specific historical views, all of them can
be the origin of the identity. If people analyze the identity of themselves or
others, then they can notice that the strength differences among demographic
characters, or notice that some characters are not consciously recognized, or
notice the distorted and complicated figures of identity. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Identity is an extension of social and cultural aspects
of self-recognition. Therefore, people can feel pride, self-awareness,
responsibility for the group or notions which can produce solidarity with them.
Identity—these characteristics produced by the solidarity with specific group
or notions—must not be disproved or disrespected. Rather it must be natural and
sound, although it depends on the characteristics of the group or notion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Considering the case of a baseball game, a pitcher
threw a ball at the middle of high where an idle batter of a pitcher can easily
hit a homerun, without thinking a team. This case must be criticized. If he
exposed this thought, he could be expelled from a team, and no team could
recruit him. A game exists when the players recognize their identity each
other. If this game is inside of the civilization, then there must be respect
each other. It is, however, in real world, not a few coaches told players that
they should have antagonistic mind as if they were killing the members of the
other team. It did not violate the law, so it can be protected due to the right
of freedom of speech. It is free to do so, however, not a few people think it
is immoral. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Some people might feel their school as their identity.
There are many people who graduated from the famous institutions take a pride
of their educated school, even though they do not explicitly say so. Yet, I do
not understand how to evaluate such people who graduated the most prestigious
schools and do not make any contributions for the academia or the society. I
highly expect that they would make a contribution not to devaluate their institution,
although those people who think as I thought are minority.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thanks to the fame of the school, it is nothing more
than the psychological effects to believe exaggerated self. Nevertheless,
people are prone to have overestimated images of them. For instance, I heard
many cases that corporations recruit people as executives those who graduated
the most prestigious institutions, even though just appeal their company to the
public. One professor said that the purpose of the university is to sale the
name and fame to students. It is true because it is impossible to obtain the
brand of the most prestigious school if the individual do not graduate from
that school. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Identity has both positive and negative meanings. On
the one hand, it can facilitate and promote the activation and development of a
specific group. On the other hand, it can also provide the cause and reason of
conflicts with people. Considering its effect to individuals, it can be true
that excessive and exaggerated identity can cause satisfaction and pleasure.
This, however, can also make people machine that can be functioned as a part of
the organization. This is the case that individual lose their identity. Yet,
someone might justify this situation as right way of life not as a result of
depraved identity. Revaluation of self-identity and imagining others identity
must be valuable in order to live with furthering the understanding of human
nature and the society. </span></div>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-28804223225491830052012-07-06T16:47:00.004+09:002012-07-06T16:47:45.694+09:0011. Pre-Conflicts: A Conflict Case 2.<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It has been passed for ten years since a person worked.
He was over 30 years old. He was not interested in working so much or he was
not special hobby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was unmarried and
a single. He lived independently from his family, and he felt it abnormal that
the thin human relationship was built. He has no friend, although he made some
communication with his colleagues and sometimes he went drinking with them.
Nevertheless, he was not interested in doing so. He just did so because it was
custom. He thought that he should not make personal relationship in a company.
Thus, it was natural that he did not have any rivalry relationship or
solidarity with his colleagues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He might have feelings to build the human relationship
that needs to consider introspection of other people. Yet, he might not know
how to build such kind of relationship, and he might not want to be involved in
annoying psychological problems. He said that he had never met the person who
was interested in. It can be the problem of his sensitivity or he can believe
that he was not an interesting person. As I discussed before, conflicts
presuppose relationship. If this is true, then there is no conflict in this
case. Is it true or is it preferable due to no conflict? I define this situation;
there is no relationship, as a pre-conflict stage. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is a global phenomenon that in sociological field,
thin human relationship became a hot topic. People who feel loneliness in the
city are not a few. There are people who have a lot of friends, although they
cannot build interpersonal relationship in the inner level. It can be one
leading question to analyze the phenomenon why people have to build this
interpersonal relationship.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To begin with the analysis of this question, I will
discuss the opposite case.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is how people can build
good emotional relationship. The key factors I assume are respect, love,
empathy, and compassion. These emotional factors can be produced by personal
relationship. Fellow feeling can be one of the opposite as well. It is, however,
I will not analyze because this feelings are indirect feelings these are
produced via organization. Conflicts between organizations will be argued in
the next chapter. It seems to be unreasonable that recognizing the opposite
notion from the philosophy of conflicts as good. Yet, I hypothesize this as
good temporally.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Respecting
people are feelings come out with jealousy and envy evaluated by some specific
values and perspectives. Empathy is produced by pleasure elicited by sharing
some specific values each other. Values in this context are not limited by the
representation of language. It can be value which is expressed by arts or
nonverbal activities. It can be better to be understood to say “the world”
instead of values. Attachment with “the world” can produce special ties between
people. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Friendships or compassion are not the things to be
discovered. These are born and raised unconsciously. I think that it might not
be an appropriate example; however, I argue the case of loving dog. Who will
ask the values=the world to a dog in feeling compassion with a dog? My point is
not to say that the creature must be respected equally but my point for this
example is to love what or not to love what is the matter to be argued by
human’s wisdom. It does not seem to be plausible to elucidate these questions
if the neuroscience might develop incredibly. Rather, considering the statement
what is has to be loved is in vain. It would express the deficiency of the
decency toward the love. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Interpersonal relationships—defined as inner
relationships with people—can be the origin of the conflict and the pleasure.
Would it be better to say that it is the origin of the chaos? In other words,
pleasure, sadness and angry are originated in the chaos. Would it be fair to
say that it is the essential part of the human beings? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If it is true, then I can conclude that absence of the
human relationship is pre-conflict from the interpersonal conflict
perspectives. It is; however, fair to say that the structure of the phenomenon
is conflict against a life. </span></div>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-77365512767129414192012-07-06T16:47:00.000+09:002012-07-06T16:47:01.471+09:0010. Bullying: A Conflict Case 1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A student told a teacher that he had no reason to bully someone.
The student who bullied responded. There is no reason to do so, although it is
possible to analyze and imagine the reason. The victim of the student did not
do anything with him. He said that he did not want to school because the
student might bull again, and he articulated that his feelings were filled with
fear and uneasiness. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The teacher told student that bullying was bad, and not to bully
again. There was no reason. This is a lie. He just did not understand the
reason and did not make any effort to understand it. A victimized student was a
student who had a lot of experience in foreign country. He was outstanding in
the class because he asserted his opinion unflinchingly. The student who
bullied this student might feel a kind of threats; however, this student could
not understand why he felt the threats. Yet, he had emotion to express his
state of mind by any means. This emotional state was so strong that he bullies
the student. Bullying is his means to express his strong emotion. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Anyway, what the teacher said was unsophisticated. The student could
understand bullying is bad or violence is bad. The problem is not why bullying
is bad either. The problem is why this student could not understand his emotion
by reason and language. The teacher’s duty was not only tell students knowledge
what was prohibited but also should help students to develop their cognitive
ability to understand their emotion as language. Moreover, that teacher would
have understood the feelings and emotions of him. The teacher might be
responsible for not telling him how to develop patient attitude toward
outstanding people. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Despite, someone might argue that understanding some situations by
emotion is more significant than by reason. This person even may argue that the
victim has responsibility to be bulled and the victim could have had more
cooperative attitudes toward students. This is undoubtedly unreasonable. The
modernism presupposes the ego with thinking thing (cogito) but not presuppose
the ego without thinking thing (cogito).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">This presupposition is neither truth nor absoluteness of the human
beings, but it was widespread consensus and promises among modern citizens.If
someone rejects this consensus, then he/she also will reject modernism. The
person who argues the problem based on this kind of reasoning is an enemy of
the modern civilization. I was lamented by seeing the book written by this kind
of silly logic. The example which I pointed out is a typical bullying case. It
is not seemed to be paid special attention. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Yet, I think this example can provide a lot of interesting points
to be analyzed seriously. That case can light shed on the numerous points; the
role and duty for teachers, the limitation of acceptance to cultural
differences, whether seeking for the identity of the classroom or not, and what
is the definition of bullying? If I analyze all of these problems, I can write
a book for this topic. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, let me
focus on the definition of bullying. Bullying is often done by several persons
to one person or a few persons. The problem I point out is whether there are
qualitative differences between a quarrel and a bullying. How these are
different?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is it possible to say that a
bullying is bad but a quarrel is not?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Take into consideration of the case; it is obvious that
there was no quarrel but a bullying. A quarrel requires for at least two people
to have the will to start a quarrel each other. In that case, no will was found
from the victim. He did not have any will to quarrel. There was only violence.
This was asymmetry conflicts; rather it was completely unidirectional conflicts
and there is also found in the world as well.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">How to cope with this
situation for the victim?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this specific case, the victim can avoid injured if
he transfer into another school. He also can adapt to this environment by
exposing more corporative attitudes or playing such kind of behavior. It can
also be alterative to cope with this situation by discussing in class. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This specific case
exemplified the immature and emotional conflicts. It is; however, these kinds
of conflicts are observable in the society where immature adults live. If this
is true, and criticize and disrespect its immaturity, then it cannot change
this immature conflict structure. If people want to change the structure of
superiority, then they must change the conflicts structure. What does it mean?
I will be back this problem light after analyzing other examples. </span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-11902491355826570372012-07-06T16:46:00.000+09:002012-07-06T16:46:00.754+09:009. The Grounds of Conflicts<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Democracy is a political process which is finally determined by
the number of the votes. It seems to be obvious that avoid discussing the
details of the issue to reach a large number of consensuses. Politicians often
illustrates the ultimate objectives—peace, freedom, love and equality—of
politics, although these are illusions. They articulate these illusions because
these illusions can convince people that they feel empathy with politicians.
This empathy is used by politicians as a tool to appeal solidarity with people.
Reformation or nation can be one of the key words to be used as illusion. Consequently,
these politicians sophism justify the war or bombing in the name of peace
keeping operations or intervention to protect human rights. It is irony. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">How can people face to these kinds of irony or in general, how can
we face to the conflicts, and how can we face to the light and shadow taken
over the legacy from the modernism? The recognition for these conflicts is
filled with differences. Differences can be replaced for conflicts. The world
is constructed by the conflicts—</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">such as recognition, values,
standpoints, and emotion— between people. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Taking into consideration for the enchanted word, love,
this word also conveys conflicts. Some lions push their child down to the
valley. This is called love. Affirmations of violence are called a whip of
love. Love affairs, attachment with family, patriotism, attachment with school,
attachment with company, nationalism, and compassion with human beings, all of
them imply common specific emotions. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Despite, the concepts of these phenomena are different. For
instance, some would argue that the emotion elicited by nationalism is
different emotion elicited by compassion with human beings. The other people
might argue that these are not mutually exclusive. I do not imagine the emotion
elicited by compassion, although I understand the emotion elicited by love affairs
and attachment. The direction of these loves is limited within those who know
each other.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>How about love between people live in the same country?
I think it is hard to believe that the specific emotions—elicited by love
affairs or attachment with family—would be elicited. They might share the same
characteristics, such as, race, ethnicity, or human beings in general. Yet,
they cannot get enough information to feel the specific emotion because they
just know general information but not individual information. In this case,
they might imagine the illusions of those individuals which might not elicit
love like specific emotion. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Some might argue that the characteristics and concepts
of love can be shared with animals, creatures on the earth, and with creatures
live outside of the earth. In other words, every phenomenon which seemed to be
caused same types of love is stemmed from love in general. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The idea itself may be reasonable, although it can lead to a few
problems—excessive arrogant attitudes were elicited by this idea— in applying
this idea to practice. The humanists who misunderstood that expanding freedom,
democracy and capitalism produced by developed countries to feudalistic
developing countries are good and justice exemplifies that arrogance attitude
toward people who live in developing countries. In addition, these humanists
deteriorate poverty condition in the name of developing, and even send troops
to help expanding freedom, democracy and capitalism from humanitarian
standpoint. Would this behavior be caused by love? It seems to be cause by
arrogance of people who notice their superiority to people living in developing
countries. I do not believe the love as a concept. Love in this context must be
nonplus for people live in developing countries.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is often the case with people who shared idealistic
goals; however, they may not reach the consensus in terms of specific policy.
There are only three options—consensus reached by the compromise each other,
consensus reached by the power, or rupture—to deal with this situation. What
can we expect to temporal solidarity?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
seems to be far more intelligent and efficient to deal with the problems by
presupposing the distinctive conflicts and by seeking for the values from them.
Complete consensus of everyone is not the objective at all, but rather, it is
corrupt practice of totalitarianism and democracy. The objective to be dealt
with is to clarify the conflicts and recognize it each other. It is completely a
false belief that people can be labeled as one group. It is called
“overgeneralization” in psychological term. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The philosophy of conflicts does not have objectives which force
integration or solidarity. The fundamental standpoints of the philosophy of
conflicts are to clarify the conflicts and to obtain practical resolutions.
Therefore, it allows for people to recognize the conflicts not as negative but
as positive that can help people to feel pleasure due to the clarity of the
problems. Moreover, it enables people not to convert conflict into emotional
conflict.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The philosophy of conflict primarily suggests respects for
everyone. Looking back on the example of the humanists discussed before. Do you
think that person respect for the people living in the developing countries? It
can be exaggeration; however, I guess that that person just has sympathy and
superiority. Respects do not mean providing aids. It is, however, not easy to
obey this respect principle. Abhorrence and animosity may suddenly come out. It
sounds paradoxical; however, it is possible to represent respect for people
with abhorrence. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In other words, the conflict came out only after the respects are
represented. If someone does not have respect for some person, it cannot come
out the conflict. It is nothing more than “pre-conflict”. Why respects are the
necessary factor to construct the conflict?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I think this is because it is necessarily that to have respects for
preserving intelligent attitudes toward conducting intelligent behavior in a specific
context. Everyone might select the behavior which can be seemed to maximize the
profits in order to live. If people commit a crime or did unreasonable
decision, the choice itself can be the results of serious consideration for
them. It is immature attitudes if someone cannot respects for those individuals
who can make a decision by themselves to predict maximum profits for them. The
goal of the philosophy of conflict is to accept and coexistence with the
conflicts without escaping from it or concealing below the illusions. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Very first problem which the philosophy of conflict suggests is the grounds
of the conflicts. Would it be possible to argue that the pre-conflicts problem
is dealt within this framework? In other words, the problem is how to convert
savage conflicts into intelligent conflicts. The philosophy of conflicts
targets at the savage conflicts. If the philosophy of conflict does not convert
it into the intelligent conflict, the philosophy of conflict cannot be
philosophy of life.</span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-13400883068621954832012-07-06T16:45:00.001+09:002012-07-06T16:45:08.580+09:008. Goodness<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is nonsense to argue good or evil for someone’s way
of life. This question is not the problem of good or bad but is the problem of
the necessity. The criteria of this question are inappropriate. Human beings
are the social animals so that they can adapt to the society. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Let me think this question as philosophical question. What is the
good or bad? Once, the ancient philosophers thought about the absolute good or
bad, although it is a common sense for intelligent people that there is no such
absolute good or bad in these days. If there is bad, then it must be the “bad”,
such as “the social bad”, “the moral bad”, “the economical bad”, “the religious
bad” but not the “absolute bad”. The absolute bad is not unnoticeable but it
does not exist.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Children are told that telling a lie is bad whereas
psychologists argue that children become adults when they understand and how to
use it. One Japanese proverb states that telling a lie predicts being a theft.
Another Japanese proverb says that telling a lie can be useful. In these
contexts, lie is not an” absolute bad”, although there are some cases that
telling a lie can violate the credibility and if someone is labeled as a liar,
then he/she would lose some profits. If someone tells a lie in the court, that
individual are sued as crimes of perjure. Telling an “appropriate lie” can be
helpful to smooth communication or it can produce profits. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>How about committing homicide? Is it absolutely bad?
This is not an absolute bad; however, a murder can probably be punished because
it is considered to be “the social bad”. Human beings attempt to exclude these kinds
of individuals and punish them as a social animal. I do not argue whether
capital punishment can be legitimized or not because this is not the central
matter, and it can lead the wrong track of this argument. In this case, there
are multiple aspects to be argued other than “ethical bad/good”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One might argue that individual homicide is a crime,
however, the war is different form it. This is the argument from the transcend
law perspective. This is also not “the absolute bad”. Despite, trying to avoid
a war is a majority opinion. This thought is based on the “ethical field” of
human rights and humanity. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are some implicit advocates for eugenics: a
superior gene must survive and inferior gene must be excluded. I disprove this
idea not because supporting the minority rights but because I believe that it
is impossible to decide for human beings to what is superior or inferior. If
god exists, he could not decide as well. What if you are facing to a dangerous
beast? Wouldn’t you trigger your gun? Would you hesitate to trigger due to
respect animal’s rights? What if it is not an animal but dangerous human beings?
To live essentially conveys to fight. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What are the worst
bad in bad? It is an extreme good. What if determining social bad completely?
What if eliminating the grey zone of the law and determining absolute good and
bad?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Majority of the population agree
with the idea that the homicide is a crime. How about love neighbors? How about
enacting a law to punish telling a lie in daily life? How about punishing
people those who do not represent nationalism? All of these challenge human
rights and human nature or challenge “human life”. Try not to criticize relativism
frivolously but to criticize frivolous relativism. I question what is bad with
understanding the fact that there is not such an absolute bad. This is not
mutually exclusive.</span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-54270502544248470312012-07-06T16:44:00.003+09:002012-07-06T16:44:19.567+09:007. The Power and Violence.<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The answer of the question of what is the power is not
the only one. Steven Lukes argued three different types of the power. The
primary power is the power which A makes B do. The secondary power is the power
that A is multiplied. The tertiary power is the power that B cannot notice the
existence of A. this is the critical problem whether people can notice the
power or not. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Foucault conceptualized that the power resides in every human
relationship and it was promoted from the bottom but not the top. I would not
argue the details of this because the issue I point out is not the micro power
but the macro power including the government. The most noticeable
characteristics of the macro power are that it monopolizes the legitimate
power. This is the essence of the power of the nation state. The power in this
context means the police and military power. The counter violence against crime
and evil is legitimated by the law. The power is observed in the capitalists
and in mass media, although the center of the power is the nation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yet, as Negri and Hardt argued, the new subject of the
power came out. This is “the empire”. The empire showed up because the power of
the nation has decreased since the end of the cold war in 1990’s. “The empire”
is defined as the subject that has the power as the network of the nations.
This is the age when the power transcends the boundaries of the nations. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The issue of this age is not the matter of the international law
or the matter from the humanitarian standpoint, but the matter of the “global
order”. Moreover, they emphasized that war becomes usual conditions for the exceptional
conditions. Furthermore, in the modern war, the power relationship between the
stronger and weaker is obvious. The stronger states the objective that they do
not produce the dead soldiers. The power and war are facing to the new
condition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What is the relationship between the power and people?
The normal condition of them is found obedience and dependence. People would
not recognize the power as legitimate if they cannot gain the security, the
order, efficiency, proficiency, secure and peace instead. If people do not
recognize the power as legitimate violence, then the power will threat the
individuals who fight resistance, abhorrence, and malignance against the power.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The problem may not be the power itself but be the way of the
power. Anarchism is plausible in theory, although it is not realistic. To seek
for acquiring the power is to obtain the will that makes this predominance
temporally to permanent that is over the generations. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Whether it is fortune or not, there are filled with factors that
can exert it. The capital can not only be accumulated or be taken over, but
also can be augmented. The capital itself is the power in these days. The power
is the tool that allows people to be satisfied with their drive and desire.
People think that it is impossible to live in better conditions without
preserving the power. In addition, people cannot live without being dependent
on the power. Additionally, people even believe that the better society is the
society which people are dependent totally on the power. It might be illusion,
although there is not enough time to realize it as illusion. If people
articulate that, they would be told not to think about it and are told to enjoy
this situation. Seeking for desire and pleasure is recommended by the society
compared with critical thinking. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As noted before this chapter, the most noticeable
characteristics of the power are that it is used as the legitimate violence.
Violence is considered from different aspects. Some philosophers think about it
is the essence of the existence of human beings, and the others think about it
is as holly. Yet, I have questions about the methods of the interpretation of
it. I am not sure that there is universal essence of human beings. Some might
prefer to use or observe violence, the others might not. It can be the matter
of preference or the matter of individual characteristics. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Violence is not only being the means but it also is
objective. If it is means, it can be another means. If it is objective, it
cannot be replaceable. What is the condition that violence is becoming the
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Regardless of the power or violence, power contains
devilishness. The more strengthen the power is the more devilishness is. People
would recognize it as nobleness and holiness. These notions can easily trespass
the judgment of goodness. Human reason must fight against this devilishness.
Moreover, people must notice that the subject is incorporated by the violence
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A large number of
people show their obedience and respect to the power, although they criticize
the putrefaction and unjust of the power. It might be the true attitude toward
it, or it might be a gesture to pursue for another objective. The power knows
the wisdom and a mean spirit of people who obey to it. When people are
controlled by the power and when people are incorporate, the power will strike
people as violence. </span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-81100245887289479962012-07-06T16:43:00.003+09:002012-07-06T16:43:22.143+09:006. The Public and The Private<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Someone regrets that predominance of the individual
freedom violates the public order of the society and asserts that people should
obey the public rules. Of course, the order in this context means the visible
hierarchy of the power and the authority. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nevertheless, I wonder if it is true that the individuals are
surrounded with excessive freedom. I suspect that an independent and free
individual from the public. It can be true that “the private” individual are
nothing more than the individual with suppressed by the power of “the public”.
In other words, “the private” individuals are the individuals who are given
some choices by “the public” and make a decision from them. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">For instance, “the private” individuals are working for the
company by train, doing the same tasks and going home every day. This enables
us to get bread and butter. People consume entertainment provided with by the
public in holidays in a week. Acquiring information and thinking about it is</span><span lang="EN-US"> nothing more than the reaction to mass media</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">“The public” knows everything about individuals’ reactions. Is the
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private” room in the world, then it is controlled by “the public”. Pierre-Félix
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of the market”. No one voluntarily wants to renounce “the private” room.
Rather, this is the result of uncontrollable conditions. It is the cliché;
however, this situation is “self-domestication”. Self-domestication warrants
the security and the life, although it forces to lose freedom instead. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The person with the higher position in a company is prone to be
kicked out by one letter. I don’t understand the meaning of the higher position
due to its instability. Hierarchy in the organization is nothing more than the
means of enhancing motivations to work. Those are lamentable who are convinced
to believe in the pseudo-value of the hierarchy in the company. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The world “private” are reduced to a symbol. This issue is
criticized from the perspectives of “individual” and “mind”. Not only does
proclaim the reconstruction of “the public”, but also someone does proclaim the
reconstruction of “the private”. “The public” is no longer conveyed the
government, but it represents the society as power including the government.
This can be the real aspect of “the public”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Considering the origin of these worlds, it can be true
that there were conflicts but both were not inconsistent with each other. Thus,
it is required to maintain the better “the public” to promote “the better private”.
Sometimes, the private is devoted for the public because it presupposes that
this judgment can eventually cause “the better private”. The problem is this
presupposition does not always reach the consensus among people. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Some—people who are at the end of the spectrum from my
position—might argue that it does not matter because they believe that “the
public”, consisting of beautiful order, is the only value of the human beings,
and the private is valueless. Moreover, they might replace the meaning of “the
private” to the condition that do a volunteer work for and make a contribution
to “the public”. I don’t understand the position of these individuals. Would
they argue this is not the private utterance? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Regardless
of their consideration, it is the fact that this is paradoxical situation
because there is no private that can support “the public”. “The public” that
should contribute to me is putrefied and perplexed. If this recognition is
true, then I wonder it might exist other than despair. In this situation, the
power is not restricted. Yet, there are conflicts between powers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The individuals who have the power are not concerned with the
private or with the public, but if they are concerned with something, it must
be the power as means but not objectives. The notion of “the private” and “the
public” are about to be utilized by the power. People should notice their
manipulations of meanings. It is natural that the alertness of these
manipulations of the meanings is responsible for the journalism and the mass
media. I discredit them because they are also the part of the power. </span></div>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-75124708357336477412012-07-06T16:42:00.002+09:002012-07-06T16:42:22.456+09:005. The Post-Modern Age<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What is the post-modern age when we live? Is it be the
age of an exhausted modern, the age of terrorisms, the age of empire, knowledge
and information, or the age of a controlled society?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is possible to interpret
this age from multiple aspects, and recognizing and evaluating it is also
diverse. Everyone live in the same age, although recognition of it is diverse.
The same logic can apply to the age which became past. It is not reasonable to
think that metaphysics warrant the absolute truth. This is the ground where post-modern
philosophy opened up. Everything is relativized. Cultural relativism is one of
them. This was considered to be the basis of the post-colonialism movement. It is,
however, used for legitimizing the argument that freedom and democracy are not
exception for this relativism. It is true and nothing is exception.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Post-modernism disproved the absoluteness,
suppression, and a controlled society, which were produced as by-product of the
modernism. This is justifiable and fruitful, although it is a critical
distinction between what there are issues in the modernism and disproving the
legacy produced by the modernism.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is a general notion for the liberalists that values of freedom,
human rights and democracy in the modern age and in the post-modern age are not
required to be evaluated by the same paradigm. No one seeks for the absolute
truth or reason. In addition, metaphysics does no longer exist. It must be the
part of religion. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">How can we legitimate freedom? Would it be due to popularity or
superiority of history? No, these are not necessary argue to legitimate freedom
by reasoning. It is enough to legitimate freedom if you represent your
confidence of the existence of freedom. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Schumpeter,
an economist, articulated that being aware of what self-confidence of the
validity is relatively true, and representing this self-confidence without
shirking back, both of which can differentiate citizens from savages.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The modernism has light and
shadow, advantages and disadvantages. Despite, there are numerous points to be
modified. It is not an appropriate way to think about the modernism to pay only
attention to its disadvantages and to discredit its advantages. Who could
illustrate the political expectation without considering advantages of the
modernism?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are unfathomable issues when recognizing the age,
objectives and values. It is implausible to integrate these as one absolute
truth. Moreover, conversation and progresses of culture and science cannot
promote mutual understanding. In fact, it can be unavoidable conflicts between
them. It seems to be true that the only way to deal with issues— catastrophes
of violence and war, discriminations and poverty—is to reasonably continue
these conflicts. This is the practical objectives to deal with these conflicts.
</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">People’s introspection has been progresses since the modern age. According
to Yi-Fu Tuan, he pointed out that words refer to the introspection and
opportunity to use these words has dramatically increased since the modern age.
Brutal situations have decreased in daily life. It has also been produced the
consciousness of empathy as human beings since the modern age. It is the modern
condition that people would feel sympathy with people with poverty live in the
opposite side of the earth. War became more devastating due to the progresses
of science and technology, although it is hard to conclude that people’s mind
is deteriorated. This is one of the hopes.</span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-70580746578680889942012-07-06T16:41:00.001+09:002012-07-06T16:41:04.718+09:004.Moral<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Human beings live in two
different worlds, namely, the first world is constructed by biological
perspective, and the second world is constructed by cultural perspective
through language. Keizaburou Maruyama once argued that the first world is
defined as “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Miwake</i> structure” and the
second world as “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kotowake </i>structure”.
These two worlds would not be integrated. It is the predisposition of human
beings that they have to live without reconciliation of two worlds, with hurt,
injured and depressed. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">There is no justice in the animal world. They behave based only on
their instinct. Animals can live with only desire. This seems to be brutal,
although it is the way they live. There is no domain of the will.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Some might discriminate drive
caused by physiological needs and desire caused by cultural needs. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">They would think that drive is legitimate but desire is
illegitimate due to its excessiveness. It is, however, unreasonable. There is
no longer pure drive. All of the drive and desire are integrated and it is
impossible to differentiate them. Human beings are the creatures who are broken
or broke their instinct. It was often said that human beings do not have
instinct but its ashes of instinct. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sleeping is also not pure drive. When you are dreaming, you will
notice that its world is constructed by the reflection of the cultural world.
To be human beings is to live inside of the cultural world. The only
distinction between drive and desire is whether it is included physiological
factor or not, however, it is also implausible. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Greedy used to be recognized as sin. Despite, it is recognized as
moral and as a condition to success in these days. There are culture and
desires in the world. It is individual preference that it is fascinating or
not, disgust or not, threats or not. If language is excessive, then culture and
desire are also excessive. It is, however, not justify regulating them due to
their excessiveness. Rather, people should accept them. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Moderation, simplicity and
even abstinence are also desire. It is inevitable to recognize desire and drive
are inextricable.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is just that people will attempt to acquire desired
social position, earnings and fame. These desires are evaluated as normal and
can be evaluated as necessary desires. People can get a desired position and
reward by making a contribution for an organization. The contribution demanded
here is how to work as a function. In other words, it is value as a tool.
People often make an effort to enhance value as a tool and might proud of it.
This is admirable; however, it can be possible that people would considered
those individuals to be excellent as tools but not to be interested in human if
those individuals value themselves as tools.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">On the one hand, there is a person who is handsome, rich and has a
respectful social position but not interesting when chatting. Moreover, this
kind of person may believe that he/she spoke interesting story. It can be
possible to think that a trivial story form the rich can be proverb. On the
other hand, there is a person who is interesting, however, is not useful as a
tool or not adaptive to an organization, so to speak “social maladaptive”. I
think this is extreme case, however, people will think the world as tool if
people are adaptive to enhance value as tool. It means that those individual
are prone to evaluate people as social position and earnings. They will
eventually decrease interests in human characteristics. This phenomenon is
called a bureaucratic pathology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Someone, however, might argue that the most valuable factor of human
beings is the character. Is it true?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Human beings are creatures who live in cultural world and social
world. In these contexts, they are responsible for some social role as it is
natural. This social role can have strong duty, and its duty can be against
people’s own will. People are not completely free, although freedom is
respectful in this age. People are still regulated by their environment. In
general, the more people can adaptive to their environment, the more people can
live under satisfactory conditions. If people attempt to preserve their free
will excessively or to preserve idealistic view on the world, they can have
numerous dissatisfactions. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nevertheless, it is plausible that to make society more liberal
because society and culture are constructed by human beings. If this is true,
then it is appropriate strategy to adapt its environment for happiness as
individual strategy, but it is better strategy to attempt to reasonably behave
based on free will as the whole. Human beings have a capability to change environment
into better and worse. It may be one option not to change the social
environment, and it may be need to take a responsibly for it. Someone might
argue that there should not be any responsibility for it because there is not
such a strong power to change the social environment. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Moral, however, is not only to obey the rule, authority or regime but
also needs to have self-awareness for them as citizens. This self-awareness can
differentiate moral people from non-moral people. Unfortunately, moral people can
be minority in the society.</span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-43825883679152619282012-07-06T16:38:00.003+09:002012-07-06T16:39:42.116+09:003. The Gaps<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In these days, the gaps between the rich
and poor have been picked out as a social problem. Economic statistics
underlines the fact, and there are some individuals who criticize the
government as a responsible agent for the gaps. Some individuals disagree with
the governmental economic policy. Their criticism is toward not only the
government or the members of the cabinet, but also toward the Market
fundamentalism, and Capitalism in general. If I explain that the current
society guarantees the equal opportunity and it is in the <span style="color: black;">Pareto optimum point, they will not understand them.
Rather, it can facilitate in intensifying their resentment. “Equality” means
that this is the equal rights as natural rights. Those are few people who do
not recognize the existence of the gap as the results, or private property
system. They are usually called as daydreamers and people will not count on
them. </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The gaps do not only exist in the economics but are in
competencies, techniques, expertise, connections, reputations, popularity, the
fields of the interests and its domains and depths. People are tended to
enlarge distinction or uniqueness from others as they are growing up. Denying
the private property system is nothing more than the denying one of the aspects
of the gaps. I wonder if someone does not understand that it is an idea that
discounts the freedom, and even it deteriorates other worse gaps.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">That is the question whether
it presupposes that people are naturally unique or naturally the same. If
people do not agree with one of these propositions, then it is impossible to
reach the conclusion. In this case, how can you reconcile this? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The issue in Japan in 2006 is not what kind of the gaps
are justifiable or not, but the poverty covered beneath the gaps. The issue is
not increasing the gaps but the increasing the social class recognized as
poverty and working poor. The problem is how the society can deal with these
issues are substituted for the issues of the gaps, although the central
argument should be how to reduce the poverty and how to preserve the right to
live.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The cause of this issue is decreasing the typical employment and
semi-destructed the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nenkojyoretsu</i>
system—it is the Japanese unique reward system that people can get larger
amount of earnings based on their working year of the company. The age when the
forms of employment itself should be discussed has come. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Employment is one of welfare. The reason why nation attempts to
increase the employment and to reach complete employment is because it is a
part of welfare. It is basic policy that the government makes those individuals
who might not be hired work, in terms of economic reasonability, and cope with
the life without receiving any support from the government. The transitions of
the economic environment and industrial environment, however, challenge the
traditional thoughts of the relationships between employment and welfare. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A lot of philanthropists say that there are many people who are
living less than $3 in the world, and they should be paid attention. Yet it is
difficult to compare and comparison between such kind of world and Japan. It is
possible to live without earning money in the world, whereas it is impossible
to live without earning much in Japan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In Japan, economic activity is fully dependent on the currency, so
people will die if they do not have money due to starvation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It is natural that required labor force decreases as the
civilization is progressing. In the past, the slogans—represented labors’
demand –were to reduce the working time and free from working. It does not need
to criticize it when it makes true in these days. Moreover, it is in vain to
idealize working. An employment as ”slavish working style“ is a special forms
whose history is only a few hundreds of years. It is plausible that it will be
extinct. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 42.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The argument of the basic income may reflect the transition of the
age. The idea of the basic income is that the government is responsible for
distributing minimum amount of money for everyone that they can live. If the
government is unable to provide complete employment, then they must warrant the
right to live for those individuals who cannot get a job. People who are
worried with the increasing the gaps between the rich and the poor do not
understand the reality. It is a daydreamer who believed the existence of the
government—have competency to warrant the equality of all of the gaps among
people—created by omnipotent God. The idea that the government has to reduce
the gaps of the results is not a justice but is an individual belief. In
addition, some might criticize Capitalism as an ultimate cause of the gaps,
although it is not reasonable.</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The very issue which is discussed seriously is to reduce not the gaps
among people but to reduce poverty. The obstacle of this discussion is a
politician who wants to enlarge their influence by insisting on the reduction of
the gaps. These politicians attempt to discount the very central issue,
reducing poverty. This kind of illogical argument is widespread through mass
media. It is required that the “conflict spirit” and the “conflict technique”
to correctly evaluate the validity of the argument. Details of these notions
are discussing in the later chapter.</span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-57161310180176111862012-07-06T16:37:00.003+09:002012-07-06T16:37:25.718+09:002. The Inside and The Outside<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
psychological wall divided into the inside and the outside is an inevitable
element of organizations or communities. The psychological wall is consciously
or unconsciously constructed by the members of the organizations or
communities, such as family, school, company, a pastime club, a regional
community, a municipality, a nation, the Japanese society, the international
society. The functions and the domains are different among these organizations
or communities albeit every organization or community has their different
psychological domains divided them into the inside and the outside. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
community—whether it is unrepresentative or representative— has their unique
ideas, objectives, and values. Assimilation pressure facilitates in maintaining
the order between members within the inside of the community. The role of the member
is assigned by the community in order to maximize the efficiency of it. If the
individual does not adapt to one’s role in the community, the one can be
eventually excluded from the community. If it is in a family, it can disown,
running away from home, and divorce.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
most typical strategy for strengthen the inside harmony is to create the enemy
or threats outside of the community. As a result, that community becomes
“closed”. If the community attempts to strengthen the familiar friendships
between the outside of the community, it would be “opened” community. The
Japanese has been in favored of reading the study of the Japanese or Japan, although
a few people noticed that this is a universal tendency of human beings, and
people recognize uniqueness as an identity from it. If it is overemphasized,
then it would cause a “closed” tendency of the Japanese. Thus, it needs to pay
attention to it unless it is overemphasized.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A
famous scholar, who studied in Europe, wrote several books with his experience
in Europe based on the concept that there is no society in Japan, but is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">seken</i>, an invisible closed and
homogeneous community. A famous critic wrote the book whose concept is that
Japanese office worker is not an individual. These statements are easily
acceptable for the Japanese, and even it can convince the Japanese that these
statements make sense. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It
is unfavorable statements because they discredit the liberalism constructed by
the modernism, and they even deny the modernism itself, namely, denying
democracy. I am not confident that these authors might have limited imagination
capabilities or might have unknown intentions. It is, however, necessary that
people should not only have reasonable attitude toward the statements, but also
should have imaginations of consequences of the statements. I do not recognize
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scripture. Rather, I realized that there are several criticisms and improvable
concepts of them. I simply disagree with those prior statements which discredit
the worthwhile ideas of the modernism, and I believe that the valuable ideas of
the modernism must be held as a historical heritage. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Individuals are affiliated with
multiple communities. If they are acknowledged their contribution to their
communities, they can be given the higher position, given the reward, or
recognized as justice in the communities. If these communities were recognized
as higher evaluations in the society, their reputations and honor would
widespread beyond their affiliated communities. Whatever the communities are
observation of the inside and the outside of the communities are always
required to review. Moreover, people have to remark that extreme concepts can
be prone to be an opposite concepts even though the concept incorporates
supreme ideas. </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Considering
these global age, the better strategy is “opened” than “closed”. Organizations
and people have to recognize the “opened” strategy as a goal of the organizations.
I reemphasized that recognizing the differences between the inside and the
outside and having the interests in the outside are not only important strategy
for the outsiders but also it is important for insiders. One Japanese Proverb holds
that those who help others are to be helped by others. </span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-45773363418000653742012-07-06T16:35:00.004+09:002012-07-06T16:35:54.803+09:001. Anger<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Who
is angry if a school trip is cancelled due to a bad weather? Certainly not. If
there are, there would be a few people. What on the earth are supposed to be
angry with? Would it be nature? Would it be the earth? Would it be natural
laws? Would it be a low pressure atmosphere floating above the Japanese Sea?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have never seen such a person. In terms of
these situations, people might feel sorry, regret, depressed or disappointed.
Would you feel angry with a stray dog if you are bit? If you feel angry with
the dog, it must be extraordinary cases, and you would be angry with the
government that did not prevent people from suffering. It is, however, natural
that people would be angry with a friend if the friend is late or ignored the
promise. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Moreover,
people might be angry if people do not say hello, do not present a gift, do not
consult with them before taking an action, or do not expose an appropriate
attitude. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Why
are people angry? It is because some people did not display an attitude which
is expected or the attitude might not be recognized as a common sense. If I
expect some attitude and it must be naturally occurred, this expectation—as if
often case with it—must be just an unreasonable belief. I think that those
people with angry with their belief must be disrespected because the angry
caused by this mechanism is based on their innocence. Besides, this attitude
reveals their infancy and a deficiency of imagination. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Someone,
however, might argue that angry must be natural under some specific conditions.
There are people who angry with those do not respect a manner. A person might
claim that the problem is that most people do not angry with others’ disrespectful
behaviors and attitudes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Is
it true? No, blaming and reproving are conceptually different. Blaming is
originated in feeling while reproving is originated in reason. If you are a
normal adult, then feelings caused by such case would be not angry but be disappointing,
disrespect, dislike, sorrow, pity, or disgust. If you are wiser, you might not
be affected by such situations. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">On
the one hand, there are cultural norms in the human society, and it is
uncontestable that people must obey those cultural norms. On the other hand,
those cultural norms have been divergent recently and people have been faced
with multi-cultural contexts in every day. Thus, those divergent cultural norms
must be distinguished. Some might adhere to one cultural norm and even believed
that must be respectful, although I think it is in vain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In summary, those who excessively connected to
one cultural norm must be a person with incompetency to tell cultural
differences and must be too conservative to understand it. Cultural differences
have rapidly been expanded. Thus, angry as such must be originated in an
incompetency with recognizing multiculturalism or those individuals must not
accept that situation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Anger
and hate from these kind of level are indifferent for me to analyze, although
it might cause homicide. Thus, it could be carefully observed. It was widely
accepted that people might feel angry with someone who killed some family
member of them. Moreover, angry is provoked by the War because an individual
might be suffered vital damage by the War. The angry might cause hate and might
drive people to revenge. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Would
it be justifiable such kind of anger might cause revenge? It is obvious that
the presupposition of this anger holds that the others who triggered anger are
also the same human. Since they are the same human, people cannot pardon them.
If they do not recognize them as the same human, it must be hate not angry.
There might be a theory that can deny angry and reason is predominant to
feeling, although I cannot easily conclude that theory would be correct. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-indent: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Do
you think that reason must be more significant than feelings? Do you think that
reason must be always significant than feelings? Do you think there is a rule
for an exception? If you believe these statements are true, what are feelings
for people? I believe that feelings are the essence of human. In these days,
rapid decision making are praised, whereas it is also true that the long term
decision making process is also respectful based on philosophical tradition,
particularly, if you must make significant decision. I would argue this issue
later and then go to the next chapter.</span></div>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4744519873897287251.post-39133827007194280912012-07-06T16:34:00.000+09:002012-07-06T16:34:07.863+09:00Introduction<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Philosophy of Conflicts</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Profile of the Author</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gentarou Kurosaki</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Born in 1961</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Research Institute of Gentarou
Kurosaki(Japan)<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
Profile of the Translator </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Yu
Takioka</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Born
in 1988</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Affiliated
with University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and Beckman Institute for
Advanced Science and Technology</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Introduction.</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Accepting
conflicts is far more reasonable and appropriate than demanding excessive
corporation to cope with interpersonal troubles. No consensus is there.
Consensus is not a goal. Inappropriate objectives can cause the worst
conflicts. If it is true, then people should make an effort to express
reasonable conflicts and seek for better conflicts. The philosophy of conflicts
is the most peaceful thought. It can facilitate in keeping better and
sustainable conflicts. Peace can be constructed by passively. This is neither pessimism
nor optimism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>gentaroukurosakihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11245189828478952177noreply@blogger.com0