Human beings live in two
different worlds, namely, the first world is constructed by biological
perspective, and the second world is constructed by cultural perspective
through language. Keizaburou Maruyama once argued that the first world is
defined as “Miwake structure” and the
second world as “Kotowake structure”.
These two worlds would not be integrated. It is the predisposition of human
beings that they have to live without reconciliation of two worlds, with hurt,
injured and depressed.
There is no justice in the animal world. They behave based only on
their instinct. Animals can live with only desire. This seems to be brutal,
although it is the way they live. There is no domain of the will.
Some might discriminate drive
caused by physiological needs and desire caused by cultural needs. They would think that drive is legitimate but desire is
illegitimate due to its excessiveness. It is, however, unreasonable. There is
no longer pure drive. All of the drive and desire are integrated and it is
impossible to differentiate them. Human beings are the creatures who are broken
or broke their instinct. It was often said that human beings do not have
instinct but its ashes of instinct.
Sleeping is also not pure drive. When you are dreaming, you will
notice that its world is constructed by the reflection of the cultural world.
To be human beings is to live inside of the cultural world. The only
distinction between drive and desire is whether it is included physiological
factor or not, however, it is also implausible.
Greedy used to be recognized as sin. Despite, it is recognized as
moral and as a condition to success in these days. There are culture and
desires in the world. It is individual preference that it is fascinating or
not, disgust or not, threats or not. If language is excessive, then culture and
desire are also excessive. It is, however, not justify regulating them due to
their excessiveness. Rather, people should accept them.
Moderation, simplicity and
even abstinence are also desire. It is inevitable to recognize desire and drive
are inextricable.
It is just that people will attempt to acquire desired
social position, earnings and fame. These desires are evaluated as normal and
can be evaluated as necessary desires. People can get a desired position and
reward by making a contribution for an organization. The contribution demanded
here is how to work as a function. In other words, it is value as a tool.
People often make an effort to enhance value as a tool and might proud of it.
This is admirable; however, it can be possible that people would considered
those individuals to be excellent as tools but not to be interested in human if
those individuals value themselves as tools.
On the one hand, there is a person who is handsome, rich and has a
respectful social position but not interesting when chatting. Moreover, this
kind of person may believe that he/she spoke interesting story. It can be
possible to think that a trivial story form the rich can be proverb. On the
other hand, there is a person who is interesting, however, is not useful as a
tool or not adaptive to an organization, so to speak “social maladaptive”. I
think this is extreme case, however, people will think the world as tool if
people are adaptive to enhance value as tool. It means that those individual
are prone to evaluate people as social position and earnings. They will
eventually decrease interests in human characteristics. This phenomenon is
called a bureaucratic pathology.
Someone, however, might argue that the most valuable factor of human
beings is the character. Is it true?
Human beings are creatures who live in cultural world and social
world. In these contexts, they are responsible for some social role as it is
natural. This social role can have strong duty, and its duty can be against
people’s own will. People are not completely free, although freedom is
respectful in this age. People are still regulated by their environment. In
general, the more people can adaptive to their environment, the more people can
live under satisfactory conditions. If people attempt to preserve their free
will excessively or to preserve idealistic view on the world, they can have
numerous dissatisfactions.
Nevertheless, it is plausible that to make society more liberal
because society and culture are constructed by human beings. If this is true,
then it is appropriate strategy to adapt its environment for happiness as
individual strategy, but it is better strategy to attempt to reasonably behave
based on free will as the whole. Human beings have a capability to change environment
into better and worse. It may be one option not to change the social
environment, and it may be need to take a responsibly for it. Someone might
argue that there should not be any responsibility for it because there is not
such a strong power to change the social environment.
Moral, however, is not only to obey the rule, authority or regime but
also needs to have self-awareness for them as citizens. This self-awareness can
differentiate moral people from non-moral people. Unfortunately, moral people can
be minority in the society.
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